HIV/AIDS has become a chronic rather than an acutely fatal disease in many
areas of the world Prognosis varies between
people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted
outcomes. Without treatment,
average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to
11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. After the diagnosis of AIDS, if treatment is not available,
survival ranges between 6 and 19 months. HAART and appropriate prevention of opportunistic infections reduces the
death rate by 80%, and raises the life expectancy for a newly diagnosed young
adult to 20–50 years. This is between two thirds and nearly that of
the general population. If treatment is started late in the infection prognosis
is not as good, for example if treatment is begun following the diagnosis of
AIDS life expectancy is ~10–40 years. Half of infants born with HIV die before
two years of age without treatment.
The primary causes of death from HIV/AIDS are opportunistic infections and cancer, both of which are frequently the result of the
progressive failure of the immune system. Risk of cancer appears to increase
once the CD 4 count gets below 500/uL. The rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between
individuals and has been shown to be affected by a number of factors such as a
person's susceptibility and immune function; their access to health care and the presence of co-infections; as well as the particular strain (or strains) of
the virus involved.
Tuberculosis co-infection is one of the leading causes of
sickness and death in those with HIV/AIDS being present in a third of all HIV
infected people and resulting in 25% of HIV related deaths. HIV is also the most important risk factors for
tuberculosis. Hepatitis C is another very common
co-infection where each disease increases the progression of the other. The two
most common cancers associated with HIV/AIDS are Kaposi's sarcoma and AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Even with anti-retroviral treatment, over the long term
HIV-infected people may experience neurocognitive disorders, osteoporosis, neuropathy, cancers, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. It is not clear whether
these conditions result
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